What is it?
Autism is a disorder of brain development in which people have difficulty with communication and social interactions, and may exhibit unusual patterns of behavior, interests, and activity.
Doctors use the term "Autism Spectrum Disorders" to define a set of neuropsychiatric disorders of child development resulting from dysfunctions in the development of the central nervous system. There are five types of disorders, but the main ones are classic autism, Asperger's syndrome, and Developmental Disorder Without Other Specification.
Causes
In the course of diagnosing this anomaly there is no certainty about how it may develop, however, specific causes have not yet been identified, but it is believed that the origin of this disorder is related to theories that include evidence of genetic, environmental, and organic factors.
Some of the triggering factors for this disorder are:
Genetic predisposition;
Complications during pregnancy;
Factors that occur during or after birth;
Epilepsy;
Anomalies in brain structures and functions;
Gender (males have an easier time containing this mutation while girls have a lower rate of contracting autism).
Manifestations
This disorder manifests in the social domain, language and communication, thinking and behavior.
Social domain:
The child's interpersonal development is different from usual patterns; the child tends to isolate or interact awkwardly. However, there are ways to stimulate the child, but they must be tested on a case-by-case basis, as they are usually unable to establish any kind of rapport.
Mastery of communication:
Due to their limited brain capacity, it is estimated that only half of autistics do not develop communication at the level of speech and gesturing throughout their lives.
Mastery of thought and behavior:
Absence of imagination is a characteristic trait, as is rigidity of thought, and a tendency toward obsessive and ritualistic behaviors, with dependence on routines.
Other demonstrations:
Mental retardation;
Epilepsy
Bipolar disorder
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Attention deficit
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Unusual eating and sleeping habits;
Absence of fear.
People with these types of disorders may react strangely to touch, smell, sounds, visual or taste stimuli.
Early Diagnosis
An early diagnosis is essential to start working with the child. A consultation with a specialist is also indispensable to rule out other diseases or even rule out autism. Some characteristics can show themselves, to a greater or lesser degree. They can be unsocial, more obsessive, such as exaggerated and unreasonable tantrums, or with a strange attachment to certain objects.
Autism can often be mild and confused with shyness, inattention, or "weirdness". Therefore, in case of doubt, it is recommended to consult a doctor to make an evaluation and indicate the most appropriate treatment.
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